The correct answer is not the "D" card only, nor is it the "D" card & the "3" card.
The correct answer is the "D" card and the "7" card.
Why you ask?
Because using deductive logic (which means a closed set) a rule or claim is only as true as it is not false. Once you eliminate all possibilities of it being proven false, then the rule must be true. Obviously, if there is no "3" on the other side of the "D" card, then this would disprove the rule. It doesn't matter what is on the other side of the "3 card because confirmation really doesn't prove things true. What matters (as Karl Popper pointed out) is refutation and refutability. If there is a "D" on the other side of the "7" card, then this would disprove Rule #1 that says that if there is a "D" on one side, then there will be a "3" on the other side of the card.
Variation 1: Think of it this way. Imagine that the game is played with only two cards, the "3" card and the "7" card. Now further imagine that you turn over both cards and find a "D" on the other side of both cards. Is Rule #1 true or false?
Variation 2: Now imagine 100 such cards with rule #1 in effect. You turn over 99 cards that confirm rule #1 and one card that refutes rule #1. Is rule #1 true or false? What does this tell you about rule conformation and refutation?
|
